Sunday, 30 August 2015

YALIYOTOKEA TANZANIA BAADA YA KUPITISHWA SHERIA YA UGAIDI 1

Utangulizi Kutoka Gazeti la Annuur la tarehe 28 Agosti 2015




Mh. Sana Mzee Mkapa, kwa haya…
Waislamu wakidai ukombozi
itakuwa ‘upumbafu na Ulofa’?

*Sikiliza kisa hiki cha ‘Central Police’
*Unateswa, ukisema ‘Subhannallah’ kosa
*Unachomwa moto mikono kwa plastiki
*Sindano shingoni, wanachomwa ya nini?
*Katika mateso haya yumo mwanamke…
*Wamo pia watoto wa Kiislamu miaka 14, 15!!!
*Hii ndiyo hali anayotuacha nayo Rais wetu Kikwete!

Na Bakari Mwakangwale

Watanzania washakombolewa ndivyo alivyotuambia Rais Mstaafu, Benjamin
William Mkapa.
Na kwa hiyo akasema, wanaosema wanataka kuleta ukombozi, ni wapumbavu na malofa.
Lakini labda la kujiuliza ni hili, kwa jamii ya watu wanaokumbana na
madhila kama haya anayosimulia kijana Jamal Yassin, wanalipi la
kujivunia katika ukombozi huu?
Hivi huyu naye akisema anapigania ‘ukombozi’ ili Uislamu wake usiwe
sababu ya kupelekwa ‘Shimoni’, tumuite ni ‘mpumbavu’?
Hivi huyu akitamani ukombozi ili awe sawa na wenzake ambao wakisema ni
Wasabato au Wakatoliki, haiwi sababu ya kupelekwa ‘Guantanamo’, ni
haki kumuita ‘lofa’?
Maswali haya ni muhimu kuyatafakari kutokana na hali mbaya
inayowasibuWaislamu wanaokamatwa na Jeshi la Polisi na kuwekwa katika
mahabusu ya Makao Makuu ya Jeshi hilo (Central Police) Jijini Dar es
Salaam, bila hata ndugu zao kujua walipo.


Inaelezwa kuwa kuna kundi kubwa la Waislamu walio mahabusu, huku hali
ya afya zao ikiwa mbaya kutokana na vipigo na mateso.


Hao ni wale waliokamatwa katika mazingira ya kutatanisha na
‘kubambikwa’ tuhuma za ugaidi.


Akielezea hali za watuhumiwa hao, Ustadh Jamali Yassin (33), ambaye ni
muhanga wa vipigo vya Polisi, anasema, “we sikia tu, lakini
usishuhudie wanayofanyiwa Waislamu hao watuhumiwa.”


Ustadh Yassin aliachiwa Ijumaa ya wiki iliyopita baada ya kushikiliwa
kwa takriban mwezi mzima.


Akiongea na An nuur, Ustadh Yassin amesema, hali ya Waislamu
wanaotuhumiwa kwa ugaidi na madai ya kuvamia vituo vya Polisi,
inatisha.


Amesema, mbaya zaidi ni Waislamu hao kuwemo humo kwa muda mrefu pasi
ya kufikishwa mahakamani, huku ndugu zao wakiwa hawajui,hivyo
kusababisha kukosa mahitaji muhimu ikiwemo chakula na matibabu.
Alisema, hali hiyo ndiyo imemkuta yeye binafsi, ambaye alikamatwa
majira ya saa mbili usiku, mwanzoni mwa mwezi wa Julai, mwaka huu akiwa
njiani akitokea Mbagala na kufikishwa katika Makao Makuu ya Jeshi hilo
na ndugu zake hawakupewa taarifa  mpaka alipoachiwa Ijumaa ya wiki
iliyopita.

Akizungumzia kukamatwa kwake alisema, anakumbuka ilikuwa siku ya
Ijumaa moja ya mwanzoni mwa mwezi wa saba, mwaka huu  akitokea
Mbagala, kwenda Kigamboni, majira ya saa mbili usiku, baada ya
Daladala aliyopanda kuishia njiani na abiria watatu waliokuwemo
kulazimika kushuka.


Alisema, akiwa na abiria hao wenzake ambao ni wanawake, walipitia
barabara  iendayo Stesheni au Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la Polisi
(Central).


Njiani walikutana na gari ya Polisi, ghafla ilisimama na kuamriwa
wasimame na wakae chini.


“Walipofika walianza kuwauliza wale wenzangu imani zao. Wa kwanza
alisema yeye ni Mkristo wa dhehebu la Wasabato, akaambiwa nenda na
mwingine akasema yeye pia ni Mkristo wa dhehebu la Pentekoste, nae
akaambiwa aende.”


“Kazi ikabakia kwangu sasa, wakasema ‘wewe mwenyekanzu fupi
usiondoke’, nikaamriwa niinue mikono juu na kunirusha kichura kuelekea
katika gari lao na hapo safari ya ‘Sentro’ ikaanza.” Alisema ustadh
Yassin.


Anasema, baada ya kufika getini, kabla ya kuingia ndani, walianza
kumkagua, wakidai waangalie mabomu aliyobeba, ambapo walimvua kanzu na
kisha suruali na kubakia na nguo ya ndani.


“Nikiwa hapo getini, walitoka maafande wengine humo Polisi,
wakishabikia kwa kuwapongeza wale wenzao kwa kunikamata mimi gaidi,
ikawa sasa kila afande anayekuja nje, kauli ni hiyo hiyo kuwa gaidi
kashikwa, nikabaki nimeduwaa.” Alieleza.


Ustadh Yassin, anasema alistuka zaidi alipoamrishwa alale chini na
alipolala alisikia afande mmoja akiuliza, “vipi tummalize hapahapa au
tumuachie”?


Akasema, kabla hajajibiwa alifika afande mmoja aliyemtaja kwa jina la
Mohammed, ambaye aliingilia kati akiwaambia kuwa aliwaona
walipomkamtia kuwa ni jirani na hapo Polisi, akiwa na wanawake wawili
na kuwasihi wamwachie aende zake.


Hata hivyo anasema, utetezi ule kutoka kwa Polisi mwenzao,
aliyeshuhudia alivyokamatwa na alipokamatiwa, haukusaidia kitu.
“Nilikuwa nimelala kifudifudi nikawa nasikia, kraaa, kraaa, bunduki
inaandaliwa.”


“Sikuwa na namna nyingine pale chini, zaidi ya kutoa shahada, kwani
nilijua sasa lolote linaweza kutokea ‘Bi Idhinillah Karim’.”


“Nikazidisha Shahada na kumuomba Allah anipokelee Shahada yangu.”
“Ghafla nikasikia inuka, nikaambiwa nivae nguo kisha sasa nikaingizwa
ndani na kupewa nafasi ya kujieleza, ndipo nilipowaeleza kuwa mie
nimetoka kwa jamaa zangu Mbagala na nilishuka pale kwa sababu daladala
ilikatiza ruti yake. Hata hivyo hawakukubaliana namie.” Alisema Ustadh
Yassin.


Alisema, alianza kushutumiwa kuwa yeye ni miongoni mwa wahalifu
waliovamia vituo vya Polisi na kuiba silaha kwa lengo la kusimamisha
Jihadi na kuifanya Tanzania kuwa nchi ya Kiislamu.
“Baada ya hapo waliniingiza katika chumba kidogo hukunikiwa na pingu
za miguuni na mikononi kwa nyuma, pingu ambazo si kama hizi tulizo
zizoea, hizo zinabana na zinakuwa kama zinamiiba ukijitingisha
zinacho.”


“Nikiwa humo, walinimwagia maji ya baridi sana kama vile yametoka
katika friji. Waliniacha katika hali hiyo mpaka siku iliyofuatia na
asubuhi yake waliingia maafande wakijifariji na kupongezana kuwa
wamekamata gaidi katika msako wao.” Alisema Ustadh Yassin akisimulia
masaibu yaliyomkuta.


Alisema, siku iliyofuatia walianza kumuhoji, wakitaka awaeleze silaha
ziko wapi, na awatajie watu alioshirikiana nao katika kuvunja kituo
cha Polisi cha Sitakishari, na awaambie wenzake aliovamia nao na kuuwa
Askari wenzao wa Amboni, Tanga wako wapi.


Mbali ya hayo, alidai kuwa alitakiwa akubali kwamba yeye ni Muislamu
mwenye itikadi kali na alipokataa, alipigwa makofi ya nguvu, wakimtaka
akiri kuwa yeye ni gaidi.


“Katika majibu yangu niliendelea kubaki katika msimamo wangu ule ule
kuwa mimi sio gaidi, sio siasa kali na wala sihusiki na uvamizi wa
vituo vya Polisi wala sihusiki na mauaji ya Polisi wenu.”


“Wakaniambia kwa usalama wangu, ili niweze kusalimika na adhabu,
nikubaliane na kile watakacho niuliza na kujibu wanavyo taka wao.”
“Baada ya hapo sasa zajioni, ndipo waliponipeleka ‘Shimoni’, kunako
sehemu ya mahabusu.”


“Laahaula! Nilipigwa na butwaa kuwakuta Waislamu wengi mno na wengine
ambao wametoweka siku nyingi uraiani.” Alisema Ustadh Yassin.


Alisema, alijaaliwa kuachiwa Ijumaa (iliyopita) jioni kwa maelezo kuwa
hana hatia huku akielezwa kuwa bado anafanyiwa uchunguzi na kutakiwa
kwenda kuripoti kituoni hapo.


Alisema, kwa muda wote aliokuwepo mikononi mwa Polisi, mpaka siku hiyo
waliyomwachia, ndugu na jamaa zake hawakujua yupo wapi na tokea hapo
wamehangaika sana kumtafuta kiasi cha kukata tamaa.


“Walishanitafuta katika vituo vyote vya Polisi na baada ya hapo
walikwenda pia katika wodi za hospitali mpaka mochwari (chumba cha
kuhifadhia maiti), lakini hawakupata taarifa zangu wala maelezo
yoyote.”


“Cha ajabu miongoni mwa vituo vya Polisi walivyofika na hapo Sentro
pia walifika napo walielezwa kuwa sipo zaidi waliandikiwa RB, ili
waendelee kunitafuta sehemu mbalimbali.” Alisema.


Ustadh Yassin, anasema alishangaa kuwakuta baadhi ya Waislamu humo
‘Shimoni’ ambao tayari ndugu zao wamekata tamaa kwa kutofahamu wapi
walipo baada ya kuhangaika sana kuwatafuta kila sehemu.


“Wengine niliwafahamu ambao huwa tunakutana katika mambo ya Da’awa,
kwa ujumla nilishangaa kuwaona humo na wao waliponiona walishangaa
pia.”


Katika hali hiyo ya mateso anasema, “Waislamu hao hawanala kufanya,
zaidi wanapeana nasaha kuwa na SUBRA.”


Alimtaja Ustadhi Abubakar Mohammed, ambae alidai kuwa alitoweka siku
nyingi baada ya taarifa kuzagaa kuwa alikuwa akitafutwa na Polisi na
hakuna anayejua kama anashikiliwa na Polisi.”


“Inajulikana kuwa kakimbia mji baada ya kusikia anatafutwa na Jeshi la
Polisi, lakini kumbe wanaye wamemkamata siku nyingi na hakuna anayejua
kuwa yupo humo, kwa maelezo yake ameniambia kuwa alikamtwa na Polisi
muda mrefu.”Amesema.


Alisema, cha kushangaza katika kundi hilo wamo watoto wa Kiislamu
wenye umri wa kati ya miaka 14-15, ambao nao wanahusishwa na ugaidi.
Akasema, ni jambo la kushangaza juu ya utendaji wa Jeshi  la Polisi
la nchi hii dhidi ya Waislamu.


Ustadh Jamal Yassin alimtaja Amir Qudra Sama, kuwa ndiye mtuhumiwa
pekee anayejulikana kama yumo humo Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la
Polisi,ambaye hupokea chakula kutoka kwa ndugu zake.


Aidha, Ustadh Yassini alibainisha kuwa Waislamu wanaokamatwa  na
kupewa tuhuma za Ugaidi na ujambazi wa vituo vya Polisi,
hufikishwa‘Sentro’ kisha hupelekwa Mikocheni, kwa ajili ya kuhojiwa na
kupewa mateso, vipigo na adhabu hutolewa huko huko isipokuwa wale
wenye tuhuma za ujambazi, wizi na mambo mengine wao huhojiwa hapo hapo
(Sentro).


Yassin anasema, ameamua kutoa taarifa hizi kutokana na uchungu
alioupata baada ya kuwakuta ndugu zake wa Kiislamu wakiwa katika
mateso ambayo hata yeye ameyapitia na kwamba kutoka kwake ni kama
bahati tu.


“Nimeamua kuyasema haya kutokana na uchugu juu ya Uislamu pamoja na
yale niliyoyaona kwa jinsi Waislamu wanavyotendewa, na hata hii potea
potea ya Waislamu, wafahamu kuwa Jeshi la Polisi ndio linalo husika
kwa kiasi kikubwa.” Alisema Ustadh Yassin.


Alisema, kuna  kijana mmoja (hakumkumbuka jina lake) ambaye alidai
hana hakika kama mkono wake utasalimika kutokana na jeraha kubwa
alilonalo katika kifundo cha mkononi.


Akisimulia yaliyomsibu kijana huyo anasema, jeraha hilo limetokana na
kuunguzwa na polisi.


Polisi walimuunguza moto kwa kutumia kipande cha ndoo ya plastiki.
“Yupo kijana mmoja wa Kiislamu, kwakweli sijui kama mkono wake utabaki
salama, umeharibika vibaya baada ya kuchomwa na mabaki ya ndoo ya
plastiki. Hiyo ni baada ya kusema neno ‘Subhanallah’ wakati akiteswa.”
“Polisi hao wakadai kuwa hilo ni tusi kubwa, (eti) kamtusi Afisa wa
Polisi aliyekuwa akimuhoji.”


Alisema, mbali ya kijana huyo, pia kuna mama mmoja wa Kiislamu
aliyemtaja kwa jina moja la Zainab, ambaye naye anatuhuma za ugaidi.
Mama huyo anashikiliwa na Polisi yapata mwezi sasa, huku hali yake
ikiwa mbaya  kufuatia kipigo cha Polisi.


Alisema, sababu ya kukamatwa kwake ni kuvaa Hijjabu, akiwa na soksi
mikononi na miguuni pamoja na nikaabu.


Ustadh Yasini alidai kwa mujibu wa maelezo ya mama huyo, alikuwa
katika mihangaiko ya kutafuta mahitaji yake ya kawaida maeneo ya
Mbagala na kujikuta anakamatwa na Polisi.


Mama huyo anadai kuwa alipofikishwa kituoni, alipigwa sanaili akubali
kuwa yeye ni gaidi jambo ambalo hakukubaliana nalo.


“Kwa maelezo yake tokea akamatwe mpaka hivi sasa ndugu zake hawajui
kama yupo hapo, na amewaomba Polisi, wajulishwe ndugu zake lakini
Polisi wamekataa, ni vitu vya ajabu sana.” Alisema Yassin akionyesha
kustaajabu.


Alisema, kila anapofikiria hali ya Waislamu na yaliyomkuta yeye,
anasikia mwili unamsisimka.


Kwa maana akasema,si hali ya kawaida na uombe Mungu uyasikie tu,lakini
usiombe ukayashuhudia au yakakufika.


“Ni mambo ambayo mimi nimejionea kwa macho na yamenikuta, yaani
najisikia tofauti sana kutokana na yale niliyofanyiwa na kuyaona
kutokana na hali walizokuwa nazo Waislamu huko ‘Sentro’,ni mambo
ambayo yanatisha si kwamba unaweza kukubali kama yanafanywa na Jeshi
la Polisi (lenye dhima ya kulinda Usalama wa Raia na Mali zao).”
Alisema.


Kutokana ma madhila wanayoyapata Waislamu, pale ‘Sentro’,  anasema,
imewashangaza hata mahabusu ambao ni majambazi waliokubuhu.
Majambazi hao wanasema wazi kuwa wanawaonea hurumaWaislamu ambao
wanaingizwa humo kwa tuhuma za ugaidi, maana mateso wanayopewa hakuna
jambazi anayepewa mateso kama hayo.


“Wanashangahaaa, kisha wanasema wao ni majambazi tena walioshiriki
katika matukio ya mauaji, lakini hawadhibiwi kama sisiambao
tumeingizwa humo kutokana na imani zetu  tu.” Alisema akinukuu maelezo
ya baadhi ya majambazi hao.


Alisema, jambo la kutisha zaidi ni sindano aliyopigwa kabla ya
kuingizwa ‘Shimoni’ mahabusu.


Na kwamba sindano hiyo hupigwa Waislamu, lakini hakuona watuhumiwa
wengine kama majambazi na wengine wenyetuhuma mbalimbali wakichomwa
sindano hiyo.


“Sindano hiyo hupigwa baina ya shingo na mabega, mpaka sasa hivi
sielewi hatma yaafya yangu itakuwaje huko mbele, maana huambiwi
sindano hiyo unachomwa kwa ajili gani,yaani mimi nilisikia tu ikitoka
amri, ‘mchome sindano huyo’.” Alisema Ustadh Yassin.

The Prevention of Terrorism Act of 2002
                            Excerpts from ‘’Islam, Terrorism and African Development’’ 
University of Ibadan 
by Mohamed Said



After 9/11 the United States passed the Patriot Act of 2001. Soon after it had sailed through the Congress in record time the United States pressurised other governments to pass similar anti-terror legislation and join in its campaign against terrorism. Through diplomatic manoeuvres and veiled threats many African governments passed what came to be known as Anti -Terror Legislation. Tanzania passed the Prevention of Terrorism Act of 2002, which in all intent and purpose replicated the United States Patriot Act of 2001. Due to under representation of Muslims in parliament the Act sailed through without any difficulties notwithstanding Muslim opposition outside the parliament. What concerned Muslims more was the fact that the law was not only draconian but also targeted Muslims. Muslims realised that with the Act in force any conflict between them and the government could be tried under that legislation and this would have very dire consequences. The Prevention of Terrorism Act was a piece of legislation, which was imposed on Tanzania with the intention to open up the country for covert operations against enemies of the United States. Although the act does not say so in so many words but it is clear the legislation is meant to protect United States and provide it with political and legal powers to expand its military hegemony in countries, which it did not enjoy, such freedom before. 

Sheikh Ponda Kulia Kwake Advocate Nassoro Mahakamani Morogoro
On 17th May 2003 with the anti terror legislation in place the police in collaboration with the FBI (who were already in the country waiting for the president to assent the bill) arrested Muslims suspected to be ‘terrorists.’ But those arrested had nothing to do with terrorism; they were Muslims leaders who the government arrested for being ‘opponents’ of the government and ruling party the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM).  Among those arrested were leaders of various Muslim charitable organisations - foreign oriented and local, who have distinguished themselves in providing social services to Muslims like building mosques, schools, orphanages etc. These were targeted for being ‘terrorist sympathisers’ or for being directly involved in ‘terrorist activities’ or for ‘providing logistic support to terrorists;’ and bank account of one prominent Muslim school – Al Furqan was frozen for suspicion of being a conduit of funds from abroad to support terrorism.

In response to these arrests Muslims staged a mass demonstration against the government and the United States opposing the mass arrests of the Muslim leadership, harassment by the local police, the FBI and against the Anti – Terrorist Legislation. The demonstration was the first of its kind, as never before had Muslims shown such solidarity against a foreign power. Ignoring the feeling of Muslims the then United States Ambassador to Tanzania Robert Royall addressed the Tanzanian Parliament expressing his government’s satisfaction in Tanzania’s support in its war against terrorists and pledged USD 100m in aid to East African governments to help combat terrorism. Investigations revealed that none of the arrested Muslims had any kind of military training whatsoever or had in anyway engaged in terrorist activities and they were quietly released without being charged. Investigations also failed to prove that the account of Al Furqan had at any one time used to transfer funds from abroad for illegal use. All this notwithstanding there was no apology from the government, the FBI or the police.

Probably unknown to the United States, the government in Tanzania had other reasons for passing the legislation completely unconnected with terrorism. The government was under pressure from Muslims to review the status quo. The government was and still is functioning as a Christian establishment completely marginalising Muslims.[5]The Church particularly the Catholic Church is in control of the government by proxy.  It controls 75% of the seats in the parliament. Among these seats Catholics hold 70% and the rest are divided among Muslims and Christian of other denominations. Muslims controls mere 6% of the total seats in parliament. Since independence in 1961 the Church was able to manipulate the political system in such a way that, its influence permeates the state machinery, mass media, higher institutions of learning, employment, promotion to political office etc. etc.  It also has influence in the Executive, the Judiciary and most important it controls the Parliament the highest law making body in the country.[6]


Waislam wa Morogoro Wakitoka Mahakamani Kusikiliza Kesi ya Sheikh Ponda
The government was engaged in its own silent war against Muslims who were opposing Christian hegemony over the country and several times the government had to use force, harassment and arrest of the Muslim leadership in trying to contain the agitation.[7]Corresponding to this awakening, Islam has gradually been gaining ground over Christianity in Tanzania. There is a noticeable number of Christians reverting back to Islam.[8]The Church is facing opposition on two fronts. It is facing Muslims on the political front agitating against the status quo and on the second front there is Islam as a doctrinaire attacking the very foundations of Christianity. The Catholic Church is the most affected and naturally it is showing concern. The government saw in the Act an opportunity it could manipulate in its war against Muslims and roll back the tide of Islam in Tanzania.

The United States government in supporting the Tanzanian government in its war against terrorism was in actual sense supporting the Christian lobby in the government in its anti Islam stand. In so doing was creating out of Muslims an unwilling adversary who had never threatened American interests. This state of affairs forced Muslims in Tanzania to open up yet another line of defence against the United States fanning an already volatile state of affairs. Muslims had now two powerful adversaries to watch out. Muslims had to confront local adversaries as well as the United States. The Christian lobby in the government had found an unexpected ally. Muslims had to organise a line of defence against the United States’ interference into what was previously purely an internal power struggle between Muslims and Christians vying for dominance in the local political arena. The entry of the United States in the conflict on the side of the government gave the conflict religious undertones, which were translated by Muslims as an impending American crusade hidden behind the façade of war against terrorism. What was worse is the fact that in the last ten years there had been a large influx of Pentecost churches into the country from the United States and these churches were not openly hostile towards Islam but were also very aggressive towards other Christian sects. However with the passing of the anti-terrorist legislation it seemed all Christian churches in Tanzania where united in combating Islam under the banner of terrorism.

The Act was therefore seen by Muslims as yet another strategy by the government to keep Muslims under perpetual bondage. The government of Tanzania had succeeded to manipulate the Prevention of Terrorism Act for its own selfish ends. The government had shifted from its long standing progressive policy of commitment to freedom, justice and equality overtime transforming itself into an ‘ally’ of the United States whose oppressive policies it once lead other African nations to oppose. This change of policy and ideological stand unsettled the established political equilibrium. It is now out of tune for Tanzania to identify itself with the people of Palestine, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kashmir.  The government was able to kill three birds with one stone. First by passing the anti terrorism legislation it had found a partner in its efforts to weaken Islam and its influence in Tanzania. Second it managed to alienate Tanzanian Muslims from the rest of the Muslim world where Islam was under siege; and lastly the government managed to position itself correctly as an ‘ally’ of the United States and hence be considered legible for aid,[9] the aid which will eventually strengthen the status quo.

The Prevention of Terrorism Act is fraught with legal defects.[10] It is beyond the scope of this paper to go into all the shortcomings. Suffice to say that the act curbs democracy, free association, exchange of information, the right to own property, etc. There are also sections, which give the Minister of Home Affairs undue powers to declare any person a ‘terrorist’ on mere suspicion. In a country where the Church controls the government, one can only imagine the dangers facing Islam. The law empowers the Minister to freeze bank accounts of any suspected ‘terrorist organisation’ or individual. Nowhere is the law frightening than in part V 28 (6). This section deserves special mention. It stipulates that:

A police officer who uses such force as may be necessary for any purpose, in accordance with this Act, shall not be liable, in any criminal or civil proceedings, for having, by the use of force, caused injury or death to any person or damage to or loss of any property.

Muslims were concerned because the parliament was being manipulated by a foreign power in partnership with the Christian lobby to legitimise oppression against them. It was now legitimate to kill ‘Muslim fundamentalists’ or suspected ‘terrorists’ on mere suspicion. There were many good reasons for Muslims to register concern. There had been incidences in the past where state organs have used excessive force against Muslims resulting into deaths of Muslims. The act in a multi racial society like Tanzania incites racial and religious hatred against Muslims particularly those not of black African origin. The Act managed to fan fear and hatred against Muslims whipping up a frenzy of Islamophobia in the country. The smoke bombing of mosques and mass arrests of sheikhs over the years, were one of the means of intimidating Muslims and rescuing the Church from its predicament.[11]What was there to prevent state organs from applying the Act in subverting Islam?

Akina Mama wa Kiislam wa Morogoro Wakitoka Mahakamani Kusikiliza Kesi ya Sheikh Ponda

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